Problem 1
- Test level
- Multiple choice
- No calculator
- 4 pts
In a finite universe , sets satisfy both and . Which conclusion must hold?
Answer
.
Full solution
Because P and Q are disjoint, each member of Q is outside P, so .
Because they cover U, each element outside P must be in Q, proving the reverse containment.
Together the containments give . For example, disjoint nonempty singleton sets in a two-element universe refute the other purported necessities.
Where students lose points
Disjointness alone does not prove that every element outside P belongs to Q; the covering assumption is also needed.

