Problem 1
- Test level
- Multiple choice
- No calculator
- 4 pts
A robotics team recorded battery charge time and how long a small robot then ran. The explanatory variable is charge hours and the response is runtime minutes. The pairs are , , , , , . Fit the least-squares line with an intercept. Keep every result as an exact fraction. Which sentence is appropriate?
Answer
In this sample, one extra unit of charge hours is associated with a fitted change of in runtime minutes. The other sentences claim a cause, misread the intercept, treat as a probability, or swap a mean interval with a prediction interval.
Full solution
The slope is and the intercept is . The mean response is , which equals the intercept only in special cases.
is a ratio of sums of squares.
Association is the claim the line supports. Causation is not. A new case needs a prediction interval, not the narrower mean interval.
Where students lose points
The most precise-sounding sentence is not the right one if the verb is causes or the noun is probability.

