Problem 1
- Test level
- Multiple choice
- No calculator
- 4 pts
A student tests whether a soil extract slows an enzyme that turns a colorless dye blue. In each tube, the average of 3 replicate tubes, the blue color appears at these rates: buffer only (negative control) ; soil extract ; a compound known to cut this enzyme's rate by about in working assays (positive control) . The student concludes: 'The soil extract has no effect on the enzyme.' Which statement is the best evaluation?
Answer
The conclusion is not supported: the positive control also failed to lower the rate, so this assay could not have shown inhibition even if the extract contained an inhibitor.
Full solution
Ask what each control is for. The negative control (buffer only) shows the uninhibited rate: . The positive control shows that the assay can detect inhibition: a compound known to cut the rate by about should leave about .
What happened: the positive control gave , a drop of only . That is nowhere near . So the assay did not do what it must do to be a fair test: it did not detect a known inhibitor.
Therefore the result for the soil extract () carries no information about the extract. Either the enzyme, the dye or the conditions were wrong for showing inhibition (for example, the inhibitor was added after the reaction had already run, the enzyme was in large excess, or the positive-control compound had degraded). The student should find and fix the problem and rerun, with the positive control working, before concluding anything.
Now check each choice. (A) and (C) read the matching rates as 'no effect' without noticing that the method could not show an effect. (D) treats a unit difference as weak inhibition: a gap this small between replicate averages is the sort of difference that scatter can produce, and the positive control shows the assay cannot show inhibition anyway. (E) blames sample size, but the real problem is the failed positive control; the controls did not behave as intended.
Lesson: a negative result is only convincing when the positive control shows the method can give a positive one.
Where students lose points
Reading 'no change' as 'no effect'. 'No change' can mean the treatment does nothing, or that the assay could not have detected a change. The positive control tells you which.

